A recent population-wide observational study presented at the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID 2024) has shed light on the concerning association between tuberculosis (TB) and cancer. The study, conducted in South Korea between 2010 and 2017, has revealed that individuals with current or previous TB are more likely to be diagnosed with a variety of cancers, including lung, blood, gynecological, colorectal, thyroid, esophagus, and stomach cancers.
The research team retrospectively reviewed data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database of South Korea, focusing on patients diagnosed with TB between 2010 and 2017. A total of 72,542 TB patients were compared with an equal number of matched controls from the general population. The study followed the participants for an average of 67 months to track the incidence of newly diagnosed cancer post-TB diagnosis.
Findings
The results of the study were alarming, indicating a significantly higher incidence of cancer in TB patients compared to the general population. Specifically, TB patients had an 80% higher risk of developing any form of cancer, with significantly elevated risks for lung cancer (3.6 times higher), blood cancers (2.4 times higher), gynecological cancer (2.2 times higher), colorectal cancer (57% higher), thyroid cancer (56% higher), and esophagus and stomach cancer (55% higher).
In addition to TB, the study identified several independent risk factors for cancer in TB patients. Current smoking was associated with a 40% increased risk of cancer, while heavy alcohol consumption led to a 15% higher risk. Chronic liver disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were also found to be significant risk factors, with 42% and 8% increased risks, respectively.
The findings of this study highlight the urgent need for increased screening and management of cancer in patients with TB. The researchers emphasize that TB is not only a risk factor for lung cancer but also for various site-specific cancers. Dr. Jiwon Kim from the National Health Insurance Service, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea, and Dr. Jinnam Kim from Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea, along with their colleagues, have called for heightened awareness and proactive measures to address this critical health issue.
The study presented at ECCMID 2024 underscores the complex interplay between TB and cancer, urging healthcare providers to prioritize cancer screening and management in TB patients. By identifying and addressing the risk factors associated with TB and cancer, we can work towards improving the overall health outcomes of individuals affected by these debilitating conditions.